## IB Maths HL Option Groups

Operation table of a group, Symmetries of plane figures, Cycle notation for permutations, Left and right cosets, group homomorphism, kernel, kernel and range of a homomorphism, isomorphisms

### IB Maths HL Option Groups

IB Mathematics HL – Option: Sets, Relations and Groups, Theory

Can anyone help me with the fundamental theorems and propositions on Group Theory??

Thanks
elizabeth

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Joined: Mon Jan 28, 2013 8:09 pm

### Re: IB Maths HL Option: Sets, Relations and Groups

IB Mathematics HL – Option: Sets, Relations and Groups, Theory

Below are listed the major Definitions, Theorems and Propositions related to Groups, Subgroups, and Cyclic Groups

1. $\mathbb{Z}_{n} =0,1,…,n-1$ is a group under addition modulo n. With identity 0 and the inverse of $i$ is the $n-i$

2. The number of elements of a group is its order $|G|$

3. The order of an element g, which is denoted by $|g|$, in a group G is the smallest positive integer n such that $g^n=e$

4. Cyclic group $G=\{g^n |n\in \mathbb{Z}\}= \langle g \rangle$ and g is called a generator of $G$

5. The order of the generator is the same as the order of the group it generated.

6. Let G be a group, and let x be any element of G. Then, $\langle x \rangle$ is a subgroup of G.

7. Let $G=\langle g \rangle$ be a cyclic group of order n.
Then $G=\langle g^k \rangle$ if and only if gcd(n,k)=1.

8. Every subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic.

9. Every cyclic group is Abelian.

10. If G is isomorphic to H then G is Abelian if and only if H is Abelian.

11. If G is isomorphic to H then G is Cyclic if and only if H is Cyclic.

12. Lagrange’s Theorem: If G is a finite group and H is a subgroup of G, then the order of H divides G.

13. In a finite group, the order of each element of the group divides the prder of the group.

14. A Group of prime order is cyclic.

15. For any $x\in G, x^{|G|}=e$ where e is the identity element of the group G.

16. An infinite cyclic group is isomorphic to the additive group $\mathbb{Z}$

17. A cyclic group of order n is isomorphic to the additive group $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ of integers modulo n.

18. Let p be a prime. Up to isomorphism, there is exactly one group of order p.

19. Let (G, *) be a group and $x\in G$. If $x*x=x$, then $x=e$ , where $e$ is the identity element of the group G.

20. In a Cayley table for a group (G, *), each element appears exactly once in each row and exactly once in each column.

21. A group (G,*) is called a finite group if G has only a finite number of elements. The order of the group is the number of its elements.

22. A group with an infinite number of elements is called an infinite group.

23. If (G,*) is a group, then ({e},*) and (G,*) are subgroups of (G,*) and are called trivial.

24. Let G be a group and H be a non-empty subset of G. then H is a subgroup of G if and only if for all $a,b \in H, ab^{-1} \in H}$.

25. Let G be a group and H be a finite non-empty subset of G. then H is a subgroup of G if and only if for all $a,b \in H, ab^{-1} \in H , ab \in H}$.

26. Let $\langle g \rangle$ be a finite group of order n.
Then $\langle g \rangle =\{e,g,g^2,…,g^{n-1}\}$

27. Let $\langle g \rangle$ be a finite cyclic group. Then the order of g equals the order of the group.

28. A finite group G is a cyclic group if and only if there exists an element $x \in G$ such that the order of this element equals the order of the group ($|G|$).

29. Let G be a finite cyclic group of order n. Then froe every positive divisor d of n, there exists a unique subgroup of G of order d.

30. Let G be a group of finite order n. Then the order of any element x of G divides n and $x^n=e$

31.Let G be a group of prime order. Then g is cyclic.

Hope these help!!
miranda

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Joined: Mon Jan 28, 2013 8:03 pm